Great Depression Effects Essays - Great Depression, Systemic Risk

Great Depression Effects Many times throughout history the United States has undergone economic depression. The most recognized period of economic depression is called the Great Depression. The Great Depression is well known because of the seriousness of the stock market crash. The results of the crash were more serious than any other crash throughout American History. The Great Depression caused a change in the nature of the American family, an increase in poverty, and President Herbert Hoover's proposal for immediate action by the government, balanced his belief in "rugged individualism" with the economic necessities. While most Americans are familiar with the Great Depression as a time of economic disaster, it also had an impact on the American Family life. There were obvious differences in the classes as a result of the Great Depression. The lower and the middle classes changed considerably, but the upper class lifestyle did not vary a great deal. (Simmons 41) The father's role as head of the household became more challenging because there were fewer jobs. The expectation was for fathers to work and support their families. The reality of the lower class was that few men brought home paychecks. Some fathers suffered anxiety and a feeling of worthlessness for failing to provide for their families. Many resorted to stealing food and money just to survive. (Simmons 41) Women were offered greater opportunities in the work force, however they tended to take the position of stay-at-home mothers. According to Simmons "Men resented employed women for they felt that they were occupying jobs that could be given to unemployed men."(Simmons 43) Children in the lower class were expected to get an education so that they could improve their situation. In addition they were needed at home to help with household chores. Unfortunately, many poor children dropped out of school because of their obligations at home. Children in the middle class were better than those in the lower class. They had the opportunity to stay in school and were treated to some luxuries. The children of the upper class families received an excellent education and were treated to many luxuries. (Simmons 42-43) Along with a change in the American family life, there was also an increase in poverty. The Great Depression was an intense time of poverty. The downfall of American businesses, the closing of banks, and the lowered employment contributed to this period of destitute. According to an old study "26,000 American businesses collapsed; in 1931, 28,000 more met the same fate. And by the beginning of 1932, nearly 3,500 banks, holding billions of dollars in uninsured deposits, had gone under. Twelve million people were unemployed (nearly 25 percent of the workforce), and the real earnings for those still lucky enough to have jobs fell by a third" (Internet). This statistical evidence effectively illustrates the increase in poverty caused by the Great Depression. An additional result of the Great Depression was that President Hoover balanced his belief of "rugged individualism" with the economic necessities of the time by proposing direct action by the government. Hoover had only been in office for eight months when the stock market crashed. At first he treated this financial disaster and decline in employment and business that followed the Great Depression as a panic. According to The American Pageant "He was accused of saying, yet did not use these precise words, that prosperity was just around the corner" (Bailey 776). As the depression got worse Hoover became more and more concerned about the troubles of Americans. Hoover refused to agree with the request of the Democrats in Congress, who wanted the government to distribute money to the unemployed. "...[Hoover] as a "rugged individualist" deeply rooted in an earlier era of free enterprise, shrank from the heresy of government handouts. Convinced that industry, thrift, and self-reliance were the virtues that made America great, President Hoover felt that a government doling out doles would weaken, perhaps destroy the national fiber..."(Bailey 776). However, President Hoover "would assist the hard-pressed railroads, banks, and rural credit corporations, in the hope that if financial health were restored at the top of the economic pyramid, unemployment would be relieved at the bottom on a trickle-down basis" (Bailey 777). In order for Hoover to do so he introduced The Reconstruction Act. This Act was created to prepare emergency financing for banks, insurance companies, and other companies. The Glass-Steagall Act used government gold reserves to help industry. The Federal Home Loan Bank Act created discount banks to help refinance homes and prevent foreclosures. Hoover also wanted the reform of bankruptcy laws to help in the

Comparison of the Songye Power Figures and the Fang Reliquary Figures

Comparison of the Songye Power Figures and the Fang Reliquary Figures Introduction The beauty and uniqueness of African artwork remain distinctive from the historical ages to date. One of the most common artwork is that of sculptural designs that has individualism and highly values content that forms today’s historical analysis.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Art of Africa: Comparison of the Songye Power Figures and the Fang Reliquary Figures specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More What is even more interesting of the sculptures is the introspective draping the sculptural works. There is mystical aspects inclining to the ancestral believe, worship and realm of the unknown. This paper forms a comparison as well as contrast between the Songye Power figures and the Fang Reliquary figures. Songye Power Figures Style of Songye Power Figures This is a bilaterally symmetrical sculpture furnished with textural scales and an aesthetic form to reflect devotion. Entire surface of the Songye powe r figure draped with metals, wood, feathers and other material linings fastened systematically to produce a balanced appearance. However, the Songye power figure originating from the Republic of Congo appears more distinctive with the indentations on the eyes, mouth and stomach areas that lack the tack lining. Like other similar traditional figures, Songye’s empty areas are stuffed with symbolical substances such as plants and animal remains or minerals around the geometrically outlined limbs, chest area, head and neck. Copper nails with turret heads were common material featuring on the sculpture like other similar sculptures such as the Fang Reliquary sculptures. The finishes of the sculpture include beaded necklaces and naturalistic bands made of animal hide and pelts. Like most traditional figures, the pedestal base of the sculpture was also an integral section of the design. The figure below illustrates the sculpture. Songye Power figureAdvertising Looking for e ssay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Purpose of Songye Power Figures The mouth of the Songye figure symbolically presents the offerings to the ancestral spirits who bestows fertility and provides protection against illnesses or misfortunes. Like other sculptures, the purpose of this figure was to strengthen the diviner’s powers of healing and maintain the societal wellbeing. The diviner recommend the Songye sculpture for the patients treated using the herbal medicine, so that it can strengthen the healing process through divine protection. The large sized sculpture were communally owned but small designs customized for special personal needs such as private prayers reminiscent of protection against the evil spirits, heal ailments and communication to the ancestral spirits were available. Like the other traditional sculptures, Songye provided divine powers for success for common endeavours such as hunting or ga thering. Songye also had the role of protecting personal object and devotion. One special need that the figures addressed was enhancing fertility through support of conceiving or preventing miscarriages. The genitalia of personal Songye would indicate the preferred gender for the first child. The figures were also an empowerment to the community such as illustrating the ideal masculine leadership style and like other similar sculptural designs, Songye were idiosyncratic to represent regional reputation. Tribal Life of Songye Power Figures Similarly, to other sculptural works such as the Fang Reliquary, Songye Power Figures are sculptures commissioned to top leaders such as chiefs or village elders, whose wishes are to benefit communities. Design of the sculpture also comes as an ancestral appraisal symbol to assist during crisis. This meant that everyone in the society had to seek the divine intervention through sacrifices and special appeals to the sculptures. Other sculptures have special aspects that unite members just like the Songye sculptures. They share various traditional functions such as protection against enemies, illness, witchcrafts and procreation matters. Fang Reliquary Figures Style of Fang Reliquary Figures On the other hand, the fang reliquary sculptures made from woodcarvings and metals have glittering surfaces and patina appearances especially after palm oil applications during rituals. Unlike other sculptors, the Fang Reliquary sculptures have daring human obstructions and receptacles of ancestral relics, thus referred to as the guardian of sacrosanct.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Art of Africa: Comparison of the Songye Power Figures and the Fang Reliquary Figures specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The relics are made of human bones. The enhancements idolized the ancestral forehead figures due to believe that force saturates in the head. The reliquaries made from joint ba cks preserved the relics and the figure provided guardianship through the symbolic trace of ancestral protection. The sculpture is arguably the main influence of traditional wooden sculptures. It has an absolute physic appearance and in Gabon, the female sculpture emanates vitality. The fang reliquary figures have three distinct groups, one with a head crafted on a long neck, full sculptured figures and half figures or busts. The figures are either stand-alone or seated. Unlike other sculptures, the spherical but naturalistic of Fang Reliquary brings out sophistication from the simple carvings. The neck is often round with the hands placed in diverse styles such as in front of the body, chest, and holding objects or placed on the knees for the seated figure. The navel is a cylindrically exaggerated protruding carve-out. The legs are shorter to give a stunted appearance, while the eyebrows and fore head projects some contours and arcs around the nose area. The eyes were made of round ed metal bits. These aspects making the sculpture unique compared to other forms such as the Songye sculptures as shown below. Fang Reliquary figure Purpose of Fang Reliquary Figures Unlike Songye sculptures, Fang Reliquary sculptural work was to protect people from the spirits of the deceased. The figure was sacred but lost the value of sacredness once separated from the receptacles or repository chest of relics. Unlike other religious statutes, it also underwent sacred ritual of distraction after losing sainthood, which involved prayers, sacrificial offers to the ancestors and libations such as pouring of alcoholic drinks in honour of deity. Tribal Life of Fang Reliquary Figures Fang Reliquary sculptures are universal and blends the environment, other forms of tribal rituals, believe and communal characters better than other sculptures. The figures are mainly in seated positions on top of the bark boxes that held sacred relics thus depicting the guardian figures better than the S ongye sculptures. A clear distinction from other forms was that it brought out youngster aspects as an emphasis over continuity of life.Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion The artworks came to existence when there was need for change such as migration, planting of new type of crops, before taking on a hunt, fishing and during nuisance, period, when people had to prepare for war. Both the art forms have a way of creating a blend between the unborn, the living and the living dead and represent religious symbolism. This is a clear indication that the African artworks were mainly based on sacred believes and sacrificial practices.

Television advertisement vs social media Article

Television advertisement vs social media - Article Example Television marketing is one of the most popular and widely used modes of marketing all over the world including the MENA region. Companies place ads on television channels that are brought on air during popular television programmes so that the majority of people can view them. â€Å"Many businesses find a well-crafted television advertisement gives them an effective way to appeal to their target market† (Wagner n.d.). The normal length of television commercials ranges from 15 seconds to 2 to 3 minutes. Television ads are also played in the form of paid advertisements. Moreover, a direct response strategy is also being used widely in order to get instant feedback redundant from the viewers. Advertisements for direct response can run up to 15 to 30 minutes, and at the end of those advertisements a telephone number is shown to viewers in order for them to call the company and place the order. Along with television marketing, another form of marketing that is rapidly gaining fame and success in the MENA region is social media marketing. Social networking websites are playing a valuable role as effective marketing channels for all types of companies whether large, small, or medium-sized (Kelly 2013). With the advent of the social media as an effective network for marketing and advertising, companies started using social networking websites for achieving better response, as well as to provide customer service through enhanced level of interaction with the customers of the company (Richardson, Gosnay and Carroll 2010, p. 58). â€Å"The main goal of social media marketing is to ensure high participation of target audience in campaigns and content shared by the company† (Rajarammohan 2012). Social media is considered to be a complementary mix of all other advertising and marketing efforts (Evans 2012). It also plays an effective role in marketing and advertising of products. According

Quality Improvement Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Quality Improvement - Assignment Example Quality Improvement lth care services have the ability of bringing about substantive changes in the health status of a particular patient target group. It is based on this perspective that this paper discusses the different aspects attributed to quality improvement and an analysis of quality improvement story covering the seven steps involved in quality improvement. It is a critical aspect that for organizations to achieve a new level of performance, then there are various aspects that would have to change and provide evidence for quality improvement. Despite having different programs in Quality Improvement, substantive evident results in the incorporation of the four basic principles including focus on patients, focus on working as a team, focus on the use of data, and the aspect that Quality Improvement operate through the means of processes and systems. In order to understand Quality Improvement effectively, one has to have a substantive idea on what attributes Quality Improvement story. Quality Improvement story refers to a seven-step process and procedure on the various ways through which business processes can be improved. All the seven steps towards improvement of performances integrate each other, ensuring a collective way of performance towards the realization of a common goal. In the first step, there is the selection of appropriate theme, which should ideally focus on the particular problem that requires solution of a particular opportunity that requires exploitation.

Health Grades Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Health Grades - Essay Example In most cases, the costs are connected to the increase in patient care because of taking drugs for a long time, for instance, higher generation antibiotics. It results in drug resistance that calls for further therapies that increase the cost through diagnostic interventions and investigations (Singh, 2012). I agree with Lisa Jaycox about the significance of health grades report outcomes to a nurse practitioner. The report explains that it is critical for a health professional to apply the current evidence-based data to perform procedures. The use of up to date procedures minimizes the rates for mortality and complication. In addition, a health professional should refer patients to surgeons when necessary, for minimally invasive surgery option (Nickitas, Middaugh & Aries, 2009). In addition, the report shows that effective and timely care reduces cost and mortality rates in six illnesses. The efficient care comprises of children asthma, heart attack, pneumonia, surgical, heart failure and emergency care. Moreover, the report gives the cause of deaths, readmissions and complication within one month which includes hospital-acquired illnesses and conditions. From this perspective, a nurse practitioner can participate in system care enhancements and implement the concept of ‘form foll ows function’ (King & Gerard,

Analysis of the Doppler Effect

Analysis of the Doppler Effect Assignment 3: topics and themes in physics- oscillations and waves Doppler radar A Doppler radar is specialized radar that uses the Doppler Effect to produce data about an objects velocity at a given distance. Doppler radar works by bouncing microwave signals at the desired target and then listening to its reflection, then the returning frequency is analysed to see how it has changed from the original signal. This variation gives direct and highly accurate measurements of the radial component of a targets velocity relative to the radar. The Doppler effect (or Doppler shift), named after the famed Austrian physicist Christian Doppler who proposed it in 1842 and is the difference between the observed frequency and the emitted frequency of a wave for an observer moving relative to the source of the waves. It is commonly heard when a vehicle sounding a siren approaches, passes and dulls from an observer perspective. When a wave with angular frequency ω and phase velocity c propagates in a medium, an observer moving with velocity v parallel to c experiences a shifted frequency ω1 = ω (1 − v/c) (1). They do not depend on the relative velocity as other circumstances do occur. Electromagnetic waves share with sound the same property which is propagation velocity. It is independent of the motion of the source . Einstein formulated his extended principle of relativity stated that all physical and electromagnetic forces should depend on relative velocities. From this he created Lorentz transformation. Sound vs. Light There are three differences between acoustical (sound) and optical (light) Doppler effects: The optical frequency change is not dependent on which is moving the source or observer either is it affected by the medium through which the waves are moving, but acoustical frequency is affected by these things. Optical frequency changes are affected if the source or observer moves at right angles to the line connecting the source and observer. Observed acoustical changes are not affected in such a situation. Applications of the Doppler phenomenon include the Doppler radar and the measurement by astronomers of the motion and direction of celestial bodies. Light itself travels at 186,000miles a second (, but unlike sound light doesn’t need to travel through a medium. Whereas sound cannot be transmitted into space light can be in the form of radiation and also a form of energy that is put through a vacuum. The Doppler effect of light is more commonly known as the relativistic Doppler Effect. The Doppler Effect In Astronomy In astronomy, the Doppler Effect was originally studied in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Today we can the see the use of the Doppler shift(Doppler effect) applies to all parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. Also, because of the inverse relationship between frequency and wavelength, we can describe the Doppler shift in terms of wavelength. Radiation is red shifted when its wavelength increases, and is blue shifted when its wavelength decreases. Astronomers use Doppler shifts to calculate very accurately at what rate stars and other astronomical objects are moving towards or away from Earth. For example the spectral lines emitted by hydrogen gas in distant galaxies is often observed to be considerably red shifted. The spectral line emission, normally found at a wavelength of 21 centimetres on Earth, might be observed at 21.1 centimetres instead. This 0.1 centimetre redshift would indicate that the gas is moving away from Earth at over 1,400 kilometres per second (over 880 miles per second). The red shift As an object moves further away from an observer the light waves emitted are affected by the Doppler Effect. In 1923, American astronomer and physicist Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) observed that the light waves from distant galaxies were shifted so much to the red end of the light spectrum that they must be moving away from the Milky Way, the galaxy in which Earth is located, at a high rate.(10) After these finding he then furthered his studies and came up with a mathematical formula in which he could determine how far away and at what rate they were moving away from the galaxy and how far towards the red shift. This formula is known as Hubble’s constant. From this a lot of other astronomers have come together and came up with the theory that the universe emerged instantly in a sort of bang, therefore coming amount the big bang theory. My research of galaxies the sun itself contains helium. This is proven as on the spectrum scale there are black lines in which the sun has absorbed light through the helium The Doppler Effect in aerospace Sonic booms, usually produced by airplanes passing through the sound barrier, are another example of the Doppler Effect. As a plane approaches the sound barrier the sound waves become increasingly compressed at the front of the plane. Pilots have also reported that they feel noticeable wall or barrier as they approach the speed of sound, and this is due to this intense compression of the sound waves. When the plane reaches the speed of sound, and passes through, it is said to go supersonic. There have been high speed photos taken of high velocity objects such as planes and bullets approaching, then breaking through the sound barrier. In these, the compression of the sound waves are clearly shown in the front, with the concomitant lengthening at the rear, just as would be expected by the Doppler Effect. Doppler Navigation System uses the Doppler effect to measure an aircrafts ground speed and heading. The Doppler radar functions by continuous measurement of Doppler shift and converting the measured values to groundspeed and drift angle. In early systems the aircrafts departure point was loaded into a navigation computer, which then converted the aircrafts heading and Doppler ground speed/drift inputs into a continuous display of aircraft position; this was then displayed as latitude and longitude, and/ or as distance to go along track and position left or right of track, in nautical miles. Aircraft navigation systems such as these are very important because they are key in getting the aircraft from one location to another safely. Doppler navigation is also one of the systems that air traffic controllers use, its allows then to see an aircraft’s exact heading, air speed and altitude. This allows the aircraft controller to give keep aircraft in clear and uncongested air which s ignificantly reduces the chances of in air collisions. DOPPLER RADAR The police also utilise the Doppler Effect in the form of Doppler radar to calculate the speed of passing car and to check whether they are obeying the speed limits. This technology is not only used by the police but also by meteorologists. The change in frequency experienced as a result of the Doppler effect is exactly twice the ratio between the velocity of the target (for instance, a speeding car) and the speed with which the radar pulse is directed toward the target. From this formula, it is possible to determine the velocity of the target when the frequency change and speed of radar propagation are known. The police officers Doppler radar performs these calculations; then all the officer has to do is pull over the speeder and write a ticket. The development in Doppler radar has also helped to helped to eliminate aviation crashes associated with microburst. A microburst is a very localized column of sinking air caused by a small and intense downdraft within a thunderstorm. The crash Delta Air Lines Flight 191 , which a microburst was the primary cause for the crash of the Lockheed L1011 Tri-Star was key factor in the push for developing microburst detection system. As a result of the crash, planes are now fitted with Doppler radar as standard. It allows pilots to prepare for microburst and allows then to increase power to the engines to stop the plane from crashing. The Doppler radar system of the plane is usually located in the planes ray dome. Meteorology Meteorologists use Doppler radar to track the movement of storm by detecting the direction and velocity of raindrops or hail, for instance, Doppler radar can be used to determine the motion of winds and, thus, to predict weather patterns that will follow in the next minutes or hours. But Doppler radar can do more than simply detect a storm in progress: Doppler technology also aids meteorologists by interpreting wind direction, as an indicator of incoming storms. Meteorologists use a similar principle to read weather events. In this case, the stationary transmitter is located in a weather station and the moving object being studied is a storm system. This is what happens: Radio waves are emitted from a weather station at very specific frequency. The waves are large enough to interact with clouds and other atmospheric objects. The waves strike objects and bounce back toward the station. If the clouds or precipitation are moving away from the station, the frequency of the waves reflected back decreases. If the clouds or precipitation are moving toward the station, the frequency of the waves reflected back increases. Computers in the radar electronically convert Doppler shift data about the reflected radio waves into more useful pictures which show wind speeds and direction. Doppler radars are also a lot more sensitive to movement of targets in general, whether they are moving towards or away from the radar site which things such as birds, insects, or just clouds when they are operated in certain modes. Doppler radars measure a targets velocity, which both is the speed of movement the direction that its moving. These types of radars allow meteorologists to see a lot of the in detail movements that go on inside thunderstorms, this then allows the meteorologists to predict how those thunderstorms will behave in the future. Doppler Echocardiogram A traditional echocardiogram uses sound waves to produce fairly accurate images of the heart. In this procedure, a radiologist uses a transducer to transmit and receive ultrasound waves, which are reflected when they reach the edge of two structures with different densities. The image produced by an echocardiogram shows the edges of heart structures, but the down side it cannot measure the speed of blood flow as it makes its way through the heart. In a Doppler echocardiogram, sound waves of a certain frequency are transmitted into the heart. The sound waves bounce off blood cells moving through the heart and blood vessels. The movement of these cells, either toward or away from the transmitted waves which then results in a frequency shift that can be measured. This helps cardiologists determine the speed and direction of blood flow in the heart which is the most significant difference between the traditional echocardiogram and a Doppler echocardiogram. Transverse and longitudinal waves A transverse wave is a moving wave that consists of oscillations occurring at right angles to the direction of energy transfer. If a transverse wave is moving in the positive x-direction, its oscillations are in up and down directions that lie in the y–z plane. For transverse waves in matter the displacement of the medium is at 90 degrees to the direction of propagation of the wave. A ripple in a pond and a wave on a string are easily visualized forms of transverse waves. Examples of transverse waves include S (secondary) waves, and the motion of the electric (E) and magnetic (M) fields in an electromagnetic plane wave, which both oscillate perpendicularly to each other as well as to the direction of energy transfer. Conclusion In conclusion this reports through my many hours of research, talks in detail about the history and the useful applications of it. Aircraft and aerospace engineering as they use Doppler radar is a very interesting and a wide range of applications and I have toughly enjoyed researching about it especially since these are topic areas which i am particularly interested and other practical uses with the speed guns used in the police force and also the sirens on the motor vehicles. The application of the Doppler Effect and its applications in aerospace are a very interesting subject and something which i very much look forward to looking and working on in am going into university.

Latin Love :: Online Community Communities Essays

Latin Love I was taken by surprise and intrigued when my teacher told me to join an online community and follow the postings and chats for my next English paper. That same class period I spent a lot of time looking around finding all sorts of sites and topics that could keep my interest. As I explored I was trying to figure out what an online community really was. I wasn’t sure if a site with just a discussion board was enough for this project, so I tried to find others with chat rooms. Finally I came across a subject that interested me and I felt met the requirements for an online community. It was a place where common interests link people to a community online. In Howard Rheingold’s The Virtual Community an online community is stated as, â€Å"an online discussion group in which members develop long-term friendships through their interactions online. In such a community, members become intimate though they have never seen each other face to face.† Such a place is illustrated when Rheingold related the tick story in his book. It was late one night when he and his wife found a tick on their baby’s scalp. They were frightened and didn’t know what to do, so the Rheingold logged onto the WELL, an information site, to see if he could get an answer. Before his wife got a hold of the normal pediatrician, he had received an answer online. â€Å"Many people are alarmed by the very idea of a virtual community, fearing that it is another step in the wrong direction†¦Ã¢â‚¬  However, such a place for people to gather and help is needed, as demonstrated by the tick incident. An online community is a place where peo ple can gather and share information they have learned throughout the years. It is a place of solace to many and a resource to others. â€Å"Who is to say that this preference for informal written text is somehow less authentically human than opting for audible speech† (Rheingold 94)? Who is to say that written text is not as valid as spoken words? Before the time of the telephone, the only form of communication was written letters. The online community I chose tied both the written and the audible to the site. Music was the common interest in my online community.